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Part one |
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pages 11 - 13 |
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Although James Anderson
proposed the original village he appears to have carried out little
building work. When
Stobcross Estate was sold to a wealthy Glasgow merchant, John Orr of
Barrowfield, in 1735, Anderstoun village
comprised of a short row of one and two-storey cottages lining either
side of the main highway (Argyle Street) close
to where ‘The Buttery’ now stands. Many of the early feuars were weavers
who earned a living by carrying out
contract work from their own homes. The population as a rule were
respectable and financially secure; most were
persons of religious principle and character. Surrounded by cultivated
fields and a green bank sloping south to the
river, the village and its surroundings formed a pleasant place of
residence. John Orr erected more cottages and began
feuing off land for industry, resulting in the growth of the village.
During the early 1700’s Scottish cloth was considered to be of poor
quality, the homespun yarn was coarse and
uneven, which reflected in the quality and texture of the finished
product. In 1738 a group of weavers formed
themselves into an incorporation, which became the Anderston Weavers’
Society. As well as introducing quality
control measures for local produce the ‘Society’ devised a welfare
support scheme for their members. Being the only
organised group within the village the Weavers’ Society adopted a
proactive role in promoting the interests of the
local community and its environs.
Thoroughfares
There were two principal roads into Anderston from the north; ‘The Lang
Road’ (North Street) a country track that
stretched northwards to Woodside, and another track which later became
Bishop Street. It is thought that Bishop
Street was so named because it ran through lands that once belonged to
the church, hence also the area that was
referred to as Parson’s Haugh. As the name suggests, Bishop Street was
part of a route that the Bishops of Glasgow
followed when journeying from Glasgow Cathedral to their summer retreat
at Partick Castle, which stood on the east
bank of the River Kelvin, near the Clyde.
The main road into, and through, Anderstoun was the highway connecting
Glasgow and Dumbarton, which ran in an
east-west direction. At the Gushet Farm a farm-track branched-off from
the main highway and led directly to the
mansion-house of Stobcross; in time this junction would form Anderston
Cross. The name Stobcross almost certainly
derives from a wooden cross (Stob Cross), possibly a wayside shrine,
erected in pre-Reformation times near the spot
where a bye-road to the Clyde (now Finnieston Street) branched off from
the main highway.
At the beginning of the 1700’s the branch-road leading to the mansion of
Stobcross was very much a country road
bounded on either side by hedges and trees beyond which lay vast acres
of fields. A few small farms were dotted at
intervals along the road, and on reaching the end of a long tree-adorned
avenue the lodge gates of the Estate would
come into view. A short walk along a path shaded by trees eventually
brought the traveller to Stobcross House. In
later years this route would be transformed into Stobcross Street, which
now forms part of the Clydeside Expressway.
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FINNIESTON
John Orr purchased the Estate of Stobcross from James Anderson in 1735,
and some years later, ownership of the
Estate passed to John Orr's nephew, Matthew Orr, who, in 1751, set aside
twenty acres of land to the west of
Anderston on which he established a new village. He named the new
settlement 'Finnie’s Toun' as a tribute to the
Reverend John Finnie, who was tutor and chaplain to the Orr family.
Land for building in the new village, situated on either side of what
became Finnieston Street, was feued-off on the
condition "that no idle or person's of bad fame shall be allowed to
possess any of the houses so to be built".
With such strict conditions being imposed, Finnie’s Toun, or Finnieston,
soon became a much sought after location
by the wealthier classes desirous to escape from the pressures of city
life. Here they could relax, and just a short walk
away, enjoy a spot of fishing in the crystal clear waters of the Clyde.
Among the first people to feu land at Finnieston
was John Smith who started the first circulating library in the Glasgow
area, and who was founder of the firm of John
Smith & Co., the oldest established commercial booksellers in Scotland,
founded in 1751.
BROOMIELAW
Late nineteenth century photographs capture the Broomielaw as a busy
berth for Clyde Paddle Steamers, however
this was not always the case. Often referred to as ‘Broomielaw Croft’
the description suggests that the area was an
open field or farmland. Evidence of early settlers, or hunters, having
been in the locality is confirmed when Bronze
Age axe heads were found in York Street during the eighteenth century.
There are numerous references dating from the 16th century regarding the
sale and disposal of parcels of land at
Broomielaw. In 1609 mention is made of the Broomielaw as a pier and port
suitable for flat bottom boats. Fifty-three
years later, in 1662, the Broomielaw is described as ‘a little quay for
moir commodious laidening and landing of
boats’.
John Goldborne surveyed the Clyde in 1768 and submitted proposals to
make the river more navigable for large
vessels. The following year James Watt and James Barrie produced an
action plan based on Goldborne’s suggestions
and, in 1770, an Act of Parliament was passed endorsing Goldborne’s
plans for enlarging the Broomielaw. The
tobacco trade coupled to the growth of later industries led to further
efforts to deepen and widen the river and create a
proper harbour.
JACOBITES
The Jacobite Rising of 1745 found little support in the staunchly
Presbyterian lowlands and this was further
demonstrated when the city raised two battalions of volunteers in
support of the Hanoverian Government.Unfortunately, at the time they were most needed the Glasgow Volunteers
had been sent to protect Edinburgh. And
so, on Christmas Day, 1745, the advance party of the bedraggled Jacobite
army entered Glasgow unobstructed, to be
joined by the main force the following day. The Jacobites remained
encamped in the city until 3rd January 1746.
Finding little sympathy or support in Glasgow, resentment was running
high among a section of the Jacobites who
were intent on burning the city to the ground and putting the citizens
to the sword. The city and citizens were spared
this terrible fate thanks to the intercession of the Chieftain of Clan
Cameron, Cameron of Lochiel. He threatened to
withdraw his men from the Jacobite cause if the city was torched, and
so, Glasgow was spared. In recognition of
Lochiel's intervention, and as a token of their gratitude, the City
Fathers decreed that the bells of the city should be
rung in honour of 'Gentle Lochiel' and that the same tribute should be
paid to his successors, a tradition that is still
honoured today. However, the city did not get off scot-free. The Council
was required to pay a ransom of money,
food, weapons, clothing and shoes to the Jacobites.
There is no conclusive evidence of any Jacobite soldiers having entered
Anderston or Stobcross; however, it seems
unlikely that any settlements in such close proximity to Glasgow would
have escaped the interests of scavenging
Jacobite soldiers.
Church records indicate that during the early autumn of 1748 a plague of
locusts caused a great deal of concern in
Anderston. It was feared that if the locusts were to increase in number,
they would devour the crops. Fortunately the
locusts died out before they could inflict serious damage.
THE ANDERSTON CLUB
The Anderston Club, established in 1750, convened in John Sharpe's
Hostelry, which stood in Sharpe's Lane. Dr.Robert Simson, professor of mathematics at the University who had family
associations with Anderston, founded the
Club. Included in the Club’s membership were a number of eminent people
of the era; Dr. Moore, professor of Greek,
Dr.Cullen and Mr. Hamilton of Medical Science, Professor Ross of Roman
Literature, Robert and Andrew Foulis,
the printers and, perhaps the most celebrated of all, Adam Smith, the
world-renowned economist.
The Anderston Club convened each Saturday afternoon at 2 o’clock and for
each meeting a bowl of 'Glasgow Punch'
was especially prepared. The concoction consisted of citrus fruits mixed
with rum. No doubt the Club meetings
included many interesting topics of discussion. Whatever the subject, or
level of debate, Dr. Simson never hesitated
in interrupting the meeting and bringing proceedings to a close, thus
ensuring that everyone would reach their homes
in time for supper and evening worship, a practise that was common in
most homes of that time. It was perhaps also
necessary to conclude business early in those days for practical
reasons, particularly when street lighting and proper
pavements did not exist. The Anderston Club ceased to meet soon after
Dr. Simson’s demise in 1768. |
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The Ship Bank
No commercial banks existed in Glasgow until 1750 when a number of
merchants established the 'Ship Bank'. The
bank produced its own distinctive notes, each of which bore an engraving
of a ship in full sail. One of the founders of
the Ship Bank was Robert Carrick who, along with Brown and McAlpine,
owned cotton-bleaching fields situated on
the south side of Anderston Walk, near the banks of the Clyde. Brown
became a Lord Provost of Glasgow, while
McAlpine, who was cashier of the firm, formed a society for the
encouragement of trade under the title of 'Chamber
of Commerce and Manufacture of the City of Glasgow'. The society became
known as the 'Chamber of
Commerce' and gained a Charter of Royal Approval in 1783. The area where
the bleachfields once stood bears the
names of the firm's partners, Brown Street, Carrick Street and McAlpine
Street.
About ten acres of Broomielaw Croft, a site that now lies between
Robertson Street and Brown Street, was purchased
in 1766 by Brown, Carrick and Co. and turned into a bleachfield. In time
this property formed part of the hamlet of
Brownfield.
Delftfield Pottery
Four Glasgow merchants entered into a business partnership in 1748 and
established the Delftfield Pottery, a
company specialising in the manufacture of fine-glazed earthenware. The
partners of the firm were Robert Finlay,
Patrick Nesbit, and two brothers, Laurence and Robert Dinwiddie.
Laurence, who was Provost of Glasgow,
negotiated terms with the Jacobites when they invaded the city in 1746.
His brother, Robert, was governor of Virginia
from 1751-1757. The memory of a one-time partner in the firm, James
Watt, of ‘steam-condenser’ fame, is
perpetuated in the name of the present street where the Delftfield
Pottery once stood.
The Incorporation of Tailors who had already been gifted the eastern
portion of Parson’s Haugh in 1673, purchased
the western portion of the Haugh from John Leckie of Mye in 1728 and,
thirty years later, in 1758, they began
dividing and selling plots of Western Parson’s Haugh (Bishop Street) for
building purposes. The first plots on what
was sometimes referred to as ‘Taylor’s Land’ were purchased by John
Logan, a weaver, and by David Marshal, a
gardener. The following year James Monteith, a weaver, who was to become
an influential figure in the community,
purchased a plot of land in Bishop Street.
The commercial advantage of locating in Anderston was becoming obvious,
and before long, great interest was
shown in acquiring property in the area. Parcels of land on the southern
edge of Stobcross Street, stretching towards
the Clyde, were divided into long strips and feud-off. George McIlwham,
a bleacher, bought one of the plots on
which he erected Hydepark Mansion. In due course other sites bearing
distinctly 'London' designations began
appearing featuring such titles as, Whitehall, Piccadilly and Cheapside.
Within a few decades this particular area
became the focus for heavy industry.
THE ANDERSTON BREWERY
In 1762 the brewing of beer and ale was added to the already
well-established and flourishing cotton industry. An
enterprise operated by the dual partnership of Murdoch and Warroch,
known as the Anderston Brewery, was
established near the Clyde. It was generally agreed that porter brewed
in the Glasgow area at this time was of inferior
quality. The brew was coarse to taste, containing a strong infusion of
brown liquorice, or 'sugarallie', rendering the
product saccharine in flavour and muddy in appearance. The consequence
being that Glasgow ale and beer, being of
first-rate quality, was a much-preferred drink to that of porter.
Both partners were keenly aware that a market existed for quality
porter. So, the proprietors of the Anderston
Brewery engaged a Mr Chivers, from London, to share his knowledge and
expertise of brewing porter. A contract
was drawn up between the partners and Chivers, legally binding the
Londoner not to reveal the secrets of brewing
quality porter to any of the Anderston firms Glasgow rivals.
Unfortunately, due to an oversight in the contract, the
owners of the Anderston Brewery omitted to bind Chivers from setting up
in competition on his own account. Thus,
Chivers considering himself at liberty to produce and market his own
porter, entered into partnership with a rival
brewery located in Bridgeton. In an effort to halt the Londoner’s
alleged breach of contract, a lawsuit was raised
against Chivers. Although the Anderston Brewers petition was successful,
the competitors by this time had acquired
both the knowledge and skill in producing fine porter. Despite this
setback, the success of the Anderston Brewery
was assured. By the 1790's the Brewery was responsible for nearly 10% of
the total excise duty paid in Scotland.
Poor harvests in 1799 and 1801 saw a sharp increase in the price of
grain, and in an effort to preserve grain for food a
ban was imposed on its use for brewing purposes. This action had a
negative impact on the Anderston Brewery and
by 1803 they had been forced out of business.
Warroch Street, sometimes erroneously referred to as ‘Warwick Street’,
perpetuates the name of one of the partners
of the Anderston Brewery. In 1971 the Daily Record opened a newspaper
plant on the site of the Brewery, which they
occupied until production was moved to Cardonald during the 1990’s. New
offices and commercial development now
occupy the location. |
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The content of this publication is the intellectual
property of the author to whom full copyright belongs.
© John N Cooper 2006 All rights
reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any
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permission in writing from the author.
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